$1:
The earliest predecessor of the game probably originated in India, before the 6th century AD; a minority of historians believe the game originated in China. From India, the game spread to Persia. When the Arabs conquered Persia, chess was taken up by the Muslim world and subsequently spread to Southern Europe.
Ironic.
There's a story that the inventor was asked by the ruler what he wanted as a reward. The inventor asked for one grain of wheat on the first square, two on the second, 4 on the third, and so forth. Turned out there wasn't enough wheat in the kingdom, so the king just cut the inventor's head off for being a smart aleck.